| Malonyl-CoA | |
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| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | 524-14-1 |
| PubChem | 869 |
| ChemSpider | 10213 |
| MeSH | Malonyl+CoA |
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| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | C24H38N7O19P3S |
| Molar mass | 853.582 |
| (verify) (what is: /?) Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) |
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| Infobox references | |
Malonyl-CoA is a coenzyme A derivative of malonic acid.
Contents |
It plays a key role in chain elongation in fatty acid biosynthesis and polyketide biosynthesis.
Malonyl-CoA is also used in transporting alpha-ketoglutarate across the mitochondrial membrane into the mitochondrial matrix.
In the former, it provides 2-carbon units to fatty acids and commits them to fatty acid chain synthesis.
Malonyl-CoA is formed by carboxylating acetyl-CoA using the enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase. One molecule of acetyl-CoA joins with a molecule of bicarbonate[1], requiring energy rendered from ATP.
Malonyl-CoA is utilised in fatty acid biosynthesis by the enzyme malonyl coenzyme A:acyl carrier protein transacylase (MCAT). MCAT serves to transfer malonate from malonyl-CoA to the terminal thiol of holo-acyl carrier protein (ACP).
MCAT is also involved in bacterial polyketide biosynthesis. The fatty acid MCAT together with an acyl carrier protein (ACP), and a polyketide synthase and chain-length factor heterodimer, constitutes the minimal PKS of type II polyketides.
Malonyl-CoA is a highly-regulated molecule in fatty acid synthesis; as such, it inhibits the rate-limiting step in beta-oxidation of fatty acids. Malonyl CoA inhibits fatty acids from associating with carnitine by regulating the enzyme carnitine acyltransferase, thereby preventing them from entering the mitochondria where fatty acid oxidation and degradation occur.
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